Comparison Chart Of Shia And Sunni Sects Among Muslims
The Shiites and Sunnis
There are two major sects in the Islamic religion, the Sunni and Shia sects. Though Sunnis are the predominant and larger sect, they are also minorities in certain countries like Iran. The Sunni Muslims believe and follow Abu Bakr, a leader chosen by the people of Medina after the demise of the Prophet, while the Shia Muslims believe in the lineage of the Prophet and are followers of his son-in-law Ali.
Muslims who call themselves Sunnis believe in the "custom" or "sunnah" of the Prophet, while Shiites follow Ali as the Prophet's successor, his closest relative. The word Shia means followers or members of a party, in this case the followers of Ali.
When Muhammad the Prophet died in 632 AD, a schism occurred over succession of the religious following which had by then spread to various countries in the Middle East.This led to the Battle of Siffin, which further intensified in the Battle of Karbala in which the Prophet's son-in-law and his entire family were killed by Yazid I who was the ruling Umayyad or tribal Caliph to which Muhammad belonged. This fueled the cry for revenge by the followers of Ali which subsequently separated the religion into these two sects. Over the centuries, customs, traditions, and religious practices of the sects have gradually differed, though all Muslims consider the Koran to be their divine holy book.
These sectarian differences have often culminated in violent conflicts, and is still a major cause of friction in the Middle East from where the religion originally begun. Such conflicts are widespread, ranging from Pakistan to Yemen to Southeast Asia. These tensions have escalated during power struggles, such as recently in Iraq and Bahrain, and the ongoing Syrian Civil War. The ISIS, which is a force to reckon with in Iraq and Syria, is also an offshoot of this conflict, and is considered a major threat to world peace and harmony with their agenda based on expansionism and intolerance of the Shia sect and other religions.
The following is a table contrasting the major differences and confluences of the Shia and Sunni sects of Islam.
Comparative Table Of Shia And Sunni Sects
Sunni
| Shia
| |
|---|---|---|
Followers Known As
| Sunnis
| Shias or Shiites
|
Meaning Of Sectarian Names
| Tradition/Path That Is well Trodden
| Followers/Party/Partisans of Ali
|
No. Of Followers
| 940 Million
| 120 Million
|
Percentage Spread
| 90%
| 10%
|
Countries With Most Followers
| Most Muslim Nations
| Iran, Iraq, Yemen
|
Subsects of Sects
| None, though four Muslim schools of law are the major ones
| Ashariyah/Ithna/Ishmailaliyah/Zaydiah
|
Starting Point
| 632 CE, development in 10th century
| 632-650 CE, 680 CE is marked as a major event with killing of Ali's son Husayn
|
Was a Successor Nominated By Muhammad
| No
| Yes
|
Successor Of Prophet
| Abu Bakr, elected by people of Medina, who was his father in law of his favorite wife Aishah
| Ali ibn Abi Talib, husband of Fatimah, the prophet's daughter, designated by Prophet
|
Who Can Rule Religion?
| Quraysh, tribe of Prophet, or any leader that has qualified
| Prophet's family only
|
Current Leaders
| Imams
| Mujtahids
|
Leader Identities
| Leaders from Humans
| Persons who interpret Koran perfectly and are manifestations of God
|
Future Messiah
| Will come some day
| Will return when time ends, presently working through Mujtahids to interpret Koran perfectly/Was already here
|
Authority other than Koran
| Collective decision of community, Ijma'
| Only the Imams/Mujtahids
|
Marriage of convenience or temporary
| No longer practiced but was done during Prophet's time
| Still followed and practiced.
|
Pilgrimage Centers
| Jerusalem, Medina, Mecca
| Karbala and Najaf (Iraq), Medina, Mecca, Jerusalem
|
Holidays
| Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha
| Ashura, Eid-al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha
|
Future Of The Strife Between The Two Sects
It cannot be predicted accurately at this point in time whether the conflict between the two sects will escalate or defuse in the future. Suffice it to say that the invasion of Iraq by the US and its allied forces paved the way for a minority Shia dictatorship to be overthrown and replaced by a so called democratically elected puppet government of the invading forces where representation of the Sunnis is minimal. This has led to the creation of a Sunni army of ISIS for furthering the Sunni cause. The tentacles of ISIS may spread worldwide in due course of time and reshape history as well as be the precursor of further wars where most nations of the world might be involved. What was a minor strife about the actual legacy of the faith of Islam may lead to another dreadful war that history has seen twice already, but this time with more ferocity and vengeance than ever before.
Can the strife and internecine warfare between the two sects be resolved? Not in the immediate future, if current events are any indication. However, there may be a point in time when people say enough is enough, and call for all round truce and peaceful coexistence of all faiths and following, not only Islam, but other religions as well. We as world citizens can only hope that such realization dawns earliest on everyone so that we are able to leave our world of today a better and more secure place for our children and theirs for their tomorrows.
